Photographic shutter.



J. T. HSK. Y y PHOTOGBAPHIG SHUTTER.. APPLIUATIOH FILED FOV. 8, 1909.

Patented @01.124,1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. T. FISK. PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER. APPLIOATIN FILED Nov. 190s.

Patentsd (M118, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Sg IISIEII! IIE.

J. T, PISK.

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTBR.-

APPLIGATION FILED Nov. s, 1909.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

sTATEs PATENT -oEEioE JOSHUA T. FISK, 0F ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ACSSIGNORTO CROWN OPTICAL COMPANY,

OE ROCHESTER., NEW YORK, A CORPORATION.

PHOTOGBAPHIC SHUTTER.

Shutters, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates tov photographic shutters and seeks to provide animproved arrangement of shutter blades which can be operated at highspeed and which are arranged to increase the portion of the lensaperture exposed both at the initial opening of the blades and after agiven movement` thereof.

Further objects of the invention are to improve and simplify the shutteroperating means and the controlling devices therefor by which time 1bulb and instantaneous exposures are effected.

The invention consists in the features of improvement hereinafter setforth and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, which illustrate the preferred form of the invention,Figure 1 is a rear viewof the' improved shutter with a portion of theback supporting plate broken away. Fig. 2 is a front view of the backsupporting plate and parts mounted thereon. Fig. 3 is a detail viewof'a. portion of the operating mechanism for the shutter blades. Fig. 4is a detail view of parts of the retarding device with'portions shown insection. Fig. 5 is a view infront elevation of the improved shutter withthe timing device set for instantaneous exposure and the driving meansfor the shutter blades shown-in set 7 position. Fig. 6 is a similar viewwith the timing device set for a time exposure and the driving means andshutter blades shown in open position. Fig. 7 is a detail view of aportion of the driving means for the shutter blades. Fig. 8 is a detailview of parts of the retarding means for the drivin mechanism.' Fig. 9is a view in elevation o the inclosing casing for the improved shutter.Fig. 10 is a cross-section on the line 10-10 of Fig. 11 and` showing theshutter inclosed in its casing. Fig.- 11 is a view similar to Figs. 5and fwith the timing device set for a bulb exposure and the drivingmeans for the shutter blades shown 'in open position'. Fig. 12 is a rearface view Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 8, 1909. Serial No. 526,862.

Patented Oct. 18, 1916i.

of a part of the. driving member and controlling verge or catch in theposition shown in Fig. 5. f

The improved shutter is inclosed as usual in a suitable casing ofcircular outline (see Figs. 9 and 10). The casing comprises Jfront andback plates 10 and 11 and an intermediate peripheral wall 12.- The frontand back plates 10 and 11 are provided with apertures 13 having threadedflanges 14: within which the lens supporting rings are mounted. Theshutter mechanism is mounted upon two circular plates or dislrs 15 and16 which, for convenience, may be termed the front and back supportingplates. These supporting plates are provided with apertures 17 and`v 18and are connected together by a circular series of studs 19 which extendthrough the plates intermediate their inner and outer edges and whichare provided with spacing sleeves 2O that hold the plates apart inparallel relation. The plates 15 and 16 are also connected atdiametrically opposite points and near their edges by studs a6 havingspacing sleeves 45 mounted thereon between the plates.

Three or more shutter blades 21 (preferably four in number as shown) aremounted upon the rear face o1e the back plate 15 and are arranged incircular series about the aperture 17 therein. The blades are shiftableradially from and to the center of the aperture to open and close thesame and, for this purpose, each blade is mounted upon a. pair ofparallel arms 22 and 23 which are pivoted to the outer, central portionof the blade. rThe opposite ends of the arms are connected to the plate15 by pivot studs 24 and 25. The blades are provided with pointed innerends and are all mounted in the same plane upon the face of the plate15. Two diametrically opposite blades have blunt, inner ends which abutin the closed position thereof `and the other two blades are providedwith raised inner edge portions 26 that overlap the edges of t-headjacent blades in the closed position, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

The blades are shifted by an actuator ring 27 which is mounted upon thefront face of the plate 15 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 10). This ring extendsaround the circular series of studs 19 and its inner edge engages thespacing sleeves 20 thereon, as shown in Fig.

2, so that the ring is rotatably held in posicam teeth 28 which arepreferably s aced apart and are provided with incline cam edges and withblunt or flat outer ends. Each arm 22 vis rovided with a pair of ears 29on opposite sides of its pivot pin 24 and lugs 30 and 31 projectlaterally from these ears through cut-away spaces or slots 32 in theplate 15 and engage the outer toothed edge of the ring 27. 1n the closed.position of the shutter blades, the pins or lugs 30 engage the outerends of the teeth 28 of the actuatorv ring while the lugs 31 engage theouter edge of the ring between the teeth thereof. This normal positionof the parts is shown in Fig. 1. By shifting the actuator ring in thedirection indicated by the arrows `in Figs. l1 and 2 through aspaceiqual to one-half the distance between its teeth, the teeth 28 passfrom beneath the lugs 30 and the beveled edges thereof engage the lugs31 to thereby shift the 'parallel arms 22 and 23 and move the bladesbodily in radial direction from the center of the aperture to open thesame. The lugs 31 then rest upon the outer ends of the teeth 28 and the.lugs 30 upon the edge of the ring between tle teeth. r1`his position ofthe parts is shown in Fig. 2. A further ,shift in the same direction ofthe ring to a distance equal to one-half the s ace between teeth,restores the shutter bla es toy closed position by the action of thebeveled edges of the teeth upon the lugs 30. The blades are thus shiftedfrom the center of the lens aperture to open and close the same by thestep-by-step movement of the actuator ring 27 in the same direction andit is not necessary, in order to close `the blades, to reverse thedirection of the movement of the actuating member after it ismovedforward I half a step to open the blades. By shifting the actuator ringthrough a whole step, the blades will be quickly opened and closed toeffect instantaneous exposures. By arresting the movement of theactuating member or ring, midway between the ends of a full step, timeand bulb exposures may be eifected. With the preferred arrangementshown, where the actuatorring operates upon the bladesthrough the mediumof pairs of parallel arms, the blades are bodily shifted in radialdirection from and to the center of the lens aperture and the inneredges of the blades are always maintained in substantially parallelvrelation. By reason lof this arrangement, as soon as any portion of thelens aperture is exposed, a series of divergent, radial slits extendingto the periphery of the aperture are opened and all portions of thesensitive plate or film are flooded with light.. With four pointed orbevel-ended blades, as in the preferred form shown, four of these,

speeds than if the blades Were'pivoted or otherwise mounted. The bladesare held stationary either .in open or closed positions. during thegreater part of the movement of the ring 27 by the engagement of thefiat vinner ends of the teeth 28 and the edge of the ring 27 with thelugs 30 and 31 and are only moved when the beveled or cam edges of theteeth engage the lugs. 'The blades are thus shifted at high speed.

The actuator ring 27 is shifted step by step to open and close theshutter blades by` means of a spring-actuated driving member that ispreferably in the form of a ring 33 (see Figs. 2 and 10) which isarranged between the plates 15 and 16 and within the circular series ofstuds 19 with the outer edge of the ring engaging the spacing sleeves20, so that the ring is rotatably sustained thereby. A circular driving'spring 35 extendsaround the aperture, is arranged between the plate 15and the ring 33 and is connected at its ends to the 'plate and ring. Atone portion, the drive ring 33 is provided with a segmental projection34 which overlaps the toothed actuator ring 27 and is provided with asegmental slot 34 3) which extends through an opening in the segmentalprojection 34 and is arranged to engage any one of a circular series ofopenings 38 formed in the actuating ring 27 and extending therethroughfrom one side face to thel other. The driving member or ring is actuatedby means of the spring -35 from its set position shown in Fig. 5, pastits open position shown in Figs. 2, 6 and 11, to its closed positionshown in Fig. 1, and during this shift, the spring-pawl 36 drives theactuating ring 27 through a full step to open and close the shutters.The direction of this movement is indicated by thel arrows in Figs. 1,2, 5, 6, 7 and 10. The driving member and spring pawl 36 thereon areshifted in the opposite direction to .set

position against the .tension of the spring 35 by means of an arm orextension 39 on the `segmental part 34.- of the driving member whichprojects radially through a suitable slot in the peripheral wall 12 ofthe inclosing casing, as shown most clearly in Fig. 10. The lug 37 onthe spring pawl 36 is provided with a beveled lower end (see Fig. 3), sothat, during this setting movement of the driving member, the pawl islifted out of the opening 38 in the ring 27, moved idly back over theface of the ring and engages the next opening therein to again shift theactuator ring and thereby open and close the shutter blades. The drivingmember is held in its set position by means of a springheld catchonverge 40 having a pair of pallets or lugs V41 and 42. The lug orpallet 41 thereon is arranged to engage the radial or abrupt face of atooth 43 on the outer edge of the driving ring 33 to hold the drivingmember in set position with its spring 35 under tension. The tooth 43 isprovided with a beveled face which engages the pallet or .lug 41 duringthe setting movement of the driving member and lifts the lug so that thelatter drops into engagement with the abrupt face at the end of thesetting movement. The catch or verge 40 is tripped and the returnmovement of the driving 'member is controlled by suitable exposing andtiming devices hereinafter set forth.

The front supporting plate 16 is provided .with a segmental slot oropening 44 (see Fig. 7) which extends overthe pawl 436, so that thelatter may be lifted out of engagement with the actuator ring 27 duringthe setting, movement of the driving member. .The return movement of thedriving member is limited by the engagement of the arm 39 thereon with aspacing sleeve 45 on a stud 46 that extends between the plates 15 and16. At the end of this return movement of the driving member, the freeend of the spring-pawl 36 engages the portion 47 of the plate 16 and theend of the slot 44 therein, as shown in Fig. 3, and this edge portionfisvundercut slightly, so that the lug 37 of the pawl is locked intoengagement A lwith the actuator ring 27 and there can be no overthrow ofthe latter or accidental movement thereof independent of the pawl. Thisedge portion, however, 'does not prevent the disengagement of the pawl36 from the actuator ring upon the setting movement of the drivingmember, since the pawl is then not-only lifted but is movedV back awayfrom the edge portion 47.

In the open position of the shutter blades, the pawl 36 is also lockedinto engagement with the actuator ring 27 to prevent the overthrow oraccidental displacement thereof by a lug 48 on the inner edge of theopening 44 of the plate 1,6 which overlaps an inwardly proJecting lug 49on thepa-wl (see Figs. 2, 3 and 7 During the setting movement' ofthedriving member, thevlug 49 on the pawl is lifted over the lug 48 by alspring finger 50 which is secured to the plate 16v and which overlapsthe lug 43 and is p'rovided with a depending end portionA (see, Fia. 3).

portfn of the spring finger '50 engages the During the setting Vmovementof' theperatmg member, the depending end `and isA arrested both in itsopen and in its closed positions when the shutter is set for time orbulb exposures. When it is so arrested, however, it is locked, as abovedescribed, to the actuator ring 27, so that there can be no overthrow ofthe ring and the actuator ring and driving member are always maintainedin proper operative relation. Y

The actuator ring 27 is always driven in the same direction and itsreturn movement is prevented by av spring retaining pawl 51 (see Figs. 1and 2) which is arranged to engage the radial or abrupt faces of theteeth 28 of the ring. During both the opening and closing movements ofthe shutter blades, the actuator ring and the .driving member move inone direction only, so that the blades can be opened and closed -at highspeed, since it is not necessary, after the shutter blades have beenopened, to arrest the momentum ofthe operating parts and reverse theirdirection of movement to close the blades.

rihe catch vor verge 40 havingthe pallets or lugs 41 and 42 thereon, isconnected b v a pivot screw or stud 51 to the enlarged end portion 52 ofa supporting arm 53, the pallets or lugs 42 being arranged on oppositesides of the verge-pivot 51. The verge or catch is arranged within acut-away space 54 in the plate 16, so that the pallets or lugs 41 and 42can engage the tooth 43 upon the edge of the drive ring The supportingarm 53 is connected 'by a pivot stud or screw 55 to the end of anoverhanging bracket 56 which is secured to the face of the plate 16.

The pivot`55 of the supporting arm is .y

substantially in line with the working or operative face or edge of thepallet or 111g 41,`so that the movement ofthe supporting arm, whileit'shifts the verge 40 and its Divot 5l, will not materially change 'therel o lat-ion of the pallet or lug 41 to thetooth 43 on the drivingmember. The shift of the arm 53 will, however, move the pallet or lug 42of the verge to therebyr vary the operation of this pallet or lug uponthe dri ving member to effect the different exposures as hereinafter setforth.

- The supporting arm 53 is shifted by a suitable timing device which, inthe pie-- ferred form,'comprises three cams 57, 53 and' 59 which arerotatablymounted upon the hollow, proJecting stud 6() of a bracket 61vthat issecured to the upper edge portieri of the plate 16.v This stud60 A65 threaded into the stud 60 is provided with a Washer 66 Whichoverlaps the setting' disk 63 and holds the latter with some {rictionagainst the face of vthe front plate 10 of the casing, so that thetiming 4device is held in adjusted position. The cams oi the timingdevice rotate togetherl and could be formed of one piece of metal-but,for convenience of manufacture, are separately formed and are connectedto, rotate together and with the disk 63 by Ithe pin 64 as described.

The end of the supporting arm 53 for the verge or catch 40 engages theintermediate cam 57 of the timing device. The inner cam 58 engages a lug67 on one end of a leverl G7. This lever is connected between its endsto the plate 16 by-a pivot pin G8. The opposite end of the arm isconnected to one end of a spring 69 and the other end of this spring isconnected to the verge or catch 40 and tends to hold the pallet or lug41 thereon in engagement With the edge of the driving ring 33. Thisspring also .tends to hold, the arm 67 in position with the lug 66thereony held aga-inst the cam 58 ofthe timing device.

'spring' 70, mounted on a stud 71 on the face of' the`plate 16,

has one end in engagement with the'support-ing arm 53 and its oppositeend'in engagement with the head of one of the studs 46, so'tha't thespring is' arranged to hold the supporting arm in engagement with theintermediate cam 57 of the timing device. i

The verge or catch 40 is provided onrone side With a'pointed tooth 72and With abutments or shoulders 73 and 74 on opposite sides of thetooth. An exposing trip 75 is provided-With a spring finger 76 Whichisarranged to engage lthe shoulderA 73 ofthe verge to oscillate the samein one direction and thereby move the pallet or lug 41 out of engagementwith the tooth 43 and move the pallet or lug 42 toward the drivingringfand,

when the shutter isset for time or bulb exposures, into the path ofmovement of the tooth 4,3. The spring finger 76 of the' exposing trip isalso arranged to engage the shoulder 74 to oscillate the verge in theopi pos'te direetio'n'to move the pallet or lug 42 out ofengagement-With the tooth v43.When

ithe shutter is set for time exposures.

The exposing trip 7 5 is pivoted to the short arm of a lever 77 which ispivotally connected to the plate 16 by a stud or screw 78. The oppositeend of the trip is provided with a slot engaging the shank of a headedguide stud 79 on the faceof the plate 16. By shifting the lever 77, thetrip 7 5 and spring finger 76 thereon are moved in substantially astraight line into engagement with the Verge or catch 40 to oscilla-tethe same. The movement of the lever 77 is limited, as shown in Fig. 11,by its engagement with a stop plate 16.

A shifterl rod 8O is mounted upon the rear face of the front plate 10 ofthe inclosing pin 77 fixed to the face of the casing. (see Figs. 9 and10). At one end,

the rod 1s provided with a'longitudinal slot engaged by a stud 81 on theplate 10 and, at

its other end it is connected 4to the inner arm 82 of a bell crank leverjournaled in the plate 10. The outer arm 83 of the bell -crank isarranged exteriorly o f the-casing and is provided with a finger piece84. The end of the shifter rod is provided With a lug Vor tooth 85 whichis arranged to engage a in 86 on the lever 77. A retractile spring 87 isconnected to the rod 81 and to the pivot'.

of the bell crank lever 82-83.

The trip 75 and finger 76 can be shifted to move the catch or verge 4()by means otA the bell crank 83 `and the connections described betweenthis bell crank and the lever 77 or by means of the usual air'bulb, thetube of Which can be connected by a suitable nipple to a pipe 88. rlhispipe opens through the peripheral Wall 12 oit' the inclosing casing andleads to an air cylinder 89. The end of the lever 77 extends through aslot in the opposite end'of the cylinder 89 and is arranged to beengaged bya piston 90 in the cylinder. The exposing lever 771s providedwith a return spring' 91 which engages a stud 92 on the face of theplate16: One end 1 In Fig. 5, the driving member is shown as I held in setposition by the engagement of the pallet or lug 41 of theve'rgeV 40 Withthe tooth 43 on the driving ring 33. In th1s figure, the timing deviceis shown in position for effecting instantaneous exposures.

the .end vof the supporting engagement With This holds In this position,arm 53 of the verge 1s 1n the low portion of the cam 57.

,the verge 40 in such position that the pallet Yor lug 42 thereon issome distance from the edge of the driving ring 33. In this posltion,the pallet or lug 42 will not be moved into the path of movement of thetooth 43 When the trip finger 76 is moved against the shoulder 73 tooscillate the verge and move the pallet or lug41 out of engagement withthe tooth 43. The driving member is thus free close the shutter blades.

When the timing mechanism is set for time exposures, the end of' thesupporting arm 53 is upon the high point of the cam 57, as shown in Fig.6, so that the pallet or lug 42 thereof is near the driving ring 33.'Under such circumstances, the first operation of the trip will bringthe spring finger into engagement With the shoulder 73 of the verge andoscillate it in one direction to move the lug` 41 out of engagement withthetooth 43 of the riving member and move the lug 42 into the path 'ofmovement of the tooth, so that the driving member and actuating ring 27move through a half step only to open the shutter blades. Theoscillating verge or catch 40 is then in the position shown in Fig. 6 sothat, at the second operation of the exposing trip, the spring finger 76will engage the opposite face of the tooth 72 of the verge and will bedirected thereby into engagement with the shoulder 74 to oscillate theverge in the opposite direction and move the palletor lug 42 out ofengagement with the tooth 43 to thereby permit the completion of themovement of the driving member and actuating ring and the closing of theshutter blades.

When the shutter is set for bulb exposures, the end of the supportingarm 53 is upon an intermediate point of the cam 57, as

shownjin Fig. 11. The verge is then in such a position that theoperationv of the trip finger 76 aga-inst the shoulder 73 of the vergewill disengage the lug 41 from the tooth 43 and will bring the lug 42thereofpartially into thezpath of movement of the tooth and sufiicientto arrest the movement of the driving member in its open position asshown in Fig. 11. The engagement of the lug 42 in this position of theparts is not complete and the driving member will be released and willcomplete this movement as soon as the pressure ot' the trip finger 76upon the shoulder 73 is released, and when this occurs the shutterblades close.

To insure the prompt disengagement of I Vthe lug 42 of the verge fromthe tooth 43 when the pressure of the trip on the verge is released, thecam 58 of the timing'device is .arranged to shift the lever 67 and placeth-e spring 69 of the verge under considerable tension, when the timingdevice is set for bulb exposures. j In this adjustment, the lug 66 onthe lever 67 is on the high point of' the cam 58, as shown in Fig. 11.At other times, the lug 66 rests on the lovv art of the cam 58 and thereis then only su cient tension on the spring 59 to hold the lug 41 inposition to engage the tooth 43 of the driving member to thereby holdthe latter in its set position.

In the form shown, the air cylinder 89 is arranged inhorizontal'position at the lower part of the shutter being secured tothe plate 16 by a suitable U-clamp 93.' Gn one side of the plate 16 isarranged a. vertical dash-pot cylinder 94 which is secured thereto by asuitable clamp 94. A piston 95 Within this cylinder is connected by alink 96 to an arm 97. This arm is provided with a sleeve 98 (see Fig. 4)that engages the lower part of the enlarged portion of a shouldered stud99 which is threaded into the plate 16. A light spring 100 coiled aboutthe sleeve 98 is fixed at one end to the arm 97 and at its upper end toa Washer 101 mounted on the stud 99 below its upper headed end. rlhe arm97k is provided adjacent its pivot with a projecting part 102 which isarranged to contact with a pin 103 'on the segmental portion 34 of thedriving member. The contacting stud 103 is provided with a beveled face(see Fig. 8) so arranged that, on the setting movement of the drivingmember, itvvill'engage the projection 102 of the arm`97 and lift it outof its path Without swinging the arm 97 on its pivot or movin thedash-pot. When the arm 97 is thus lifted, it rises on the stud 99 butas-soon as the pin 103 is past the projection 102, the spring 98 Willrestore the arm 97 'to its normal position. Then, on the return oroperating movement of the driving member, the straight face of the pinor lug 103 will strike the projection 102 and swing the arm 97 upon thepivot pin 99 against the resistance afforded by the dashpot and by thespring 101. rThe return or operating movement of the driving member isthereby retarded. The driving member cannot complete its movement untilit has moved the projection 102 on the arm 97 out of the path of the pin103 and by varying the extent to which the part 102 extends into thepath of movement of the pin 103, the retarding eect can be varied. Forthis purpose, an adjusting lever 104 is pivoted intermediate its ends bya screw 105 and one ,end of the lever 1s arranged to engage the'engagement with the arm 97. By shifting the timing device, the positionof the arm 97 and dash-pot can be adjusted to vary the extent to vvhichthe projection 102 extends into the path of'movement of the pin 103.W'henever the timing device is set for bulb C time or instantaneousexposures of highest speed, the lever 104 holds the arm 9 7 in positionwith the projection 102 thereof entirely out of the path of movement ofthe pin or stud 103, as shown in Figs. 6 and 11. n all other positionsof the timing device., the arm 97 is so held by the lever 104 that theprojection 102 thereon project to 'a greaterl or less extent into thepath' of latter is variably retarded as described and operates theshutter blades at different speeds. l

Both the dash-pot and the spring 100 act on the arm 97 to retard theoperating movement of the driving member. The Washer 101 to which oneend of the spring 100 is connected, engages the upper portion and headof the stud 99 With considerable friction, so that by rotating theWasher, the tension of the spring 100 can\be nicely adjustedV and theretarding device can be arranged to operate with great accuracy toproperly control the speed of operation of the shutter blades. p

It is obvious that numerous changes can be made in the details set forthWithout de parture from the essentials of the invention as defined inthe claims and that arts of the invention may be used Without a optingthe same in entirety.

I claim as my, invention Y v 1. In a photographic shutter,the'combination With 'a support having Van aperture therein, of acircular series of blades having pointed inner ends arranged to overlapin closed position,and a number of pairs of parallel arms pivot-ed attheir outer ends to said support, the inner ends of the Varms 4o". tionwith arsupport-jhaving an aperture of each pair'being-pivoted to one ofsaid blades, whereby said blades are bodily shiftable in radialdirection from and to the cen# ter of the aperture to open andl closethe same with the adjacent ed es of the pointed end portions of said blaes maintained in.l

parallel relation, substantially as described. 2. In a photographicshutter, the combinatherein, of a circular series of bladesA havingpointed inner ends arranged to overlap in' normal position to close saidaperture. a number of pairs of parallel arms pivoted to said support andto said blades, and lneans for-oscillating said arms to shift saidblades radially from and to the center of said aperture to open andclose the same, substantially as described.

3. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a support vhaving anaperture therein, of a circular series of blades having pointed innerends arranged to overlappin normal position to close said aperture, a

` number of pairs of'parallel arms pivoted to said support and to Saidblades, .and an y actuator arranged to engage one of the'arms of eachpair to oscillate the same to shift said blades, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a photographic shutter, the combination with va support havintherein, of a circular series o `bladeshaving pointed inner endsarrangedzto overlapv in normal position to close said aperture, a

an apertureA number of pairs of parallel arms pivoted to said supportand to said blades, an` actuator ring mounted on said support aboutsaidV aperture and arranged to oscillate said parallel arms to shiftsaid blades, and means for driving said ring step-by-step in onedirection, substantially as described.

5. In a photographic shutter, the combina tion -With a support having anaperture' therein, of a circular series of blades having pointed innerends arrangedto overlap in normal position to close said aperture, anumber of pairs of parallel arms pivoted to said .support and to saidblades, a toothed actuator ring, one of the arms of each pair havinglugs engaging the teeth of said ring, and a spring actuated driver kforshifting said ring step-by-step in one direction, subf stantially asdescribed.

6. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a support having' anaperture therein of a circular series of blades arranged in the sameplane and having pointed inner ends, certain of said blades havingdeflected inner edges arranged to overlap the edges of adjacent bladesin closed position, and'means for shifting said bladesrfroni and to thecenter of said aperture to open and close the same, substantially asdescribed.

7. Ina photographic shutter, the combination with a supporting platehaving .au aperture therein, of a vcircular series of blades havingpointed lini-ier ends mounted in the same plane on the face of saidplate,

certain of Saidblades havingdeflected inner edges arranged to overlapthe edges of adjacent blades in closed lposition, and means forreciprocating said blades in radial dination' with a supporting platehaving anaperture therein, of a series of bl-ades mounted on one sideface of said plate, a series of arms pivoted-on the same' side of saidplate and engaging said blades, a toothed actuf ator ring mounted on theopposite side face of saidplate about said aperture, each of said armshaving a pair of laterally projecting lugs engagingl the'teeth of saidactuator ring, land a spring-actuated driver for operating said ring,substantially as described.

9. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a supporting platehaving an a erture therein, of a series of blades mounted on one sideface of said plate, a series of arms pivot'ed on the same side of saidplate and engaging said blades, a toothed actuator ring mounted on theopposite seater -on said drive ring arranged to engage said v actuatorrlng and advance the 10, In a photographic shutter, the combination.With a supporting plate having an aperture therein, of a series ofblades mount- 'ed on one side face of said plate, a seriesof armspivoted on said plate and engaging said b.`ades, a tooth'ed actuatorring mounted on the opposite side face of said plate about saidaoerture, each of said arms having a pair o? laterally projecting lugsengaging the tee;h of said actuator ring, a spring-actuatedf oscillatingdrive ring mounted on said pfate Within said actuator ring, vsaid drivering having a portion overlapping said actuator ring, and a spring pawlon said overlapping portion arranged to engage openings in the side ofsaid toothed ring to advance the same step-by-step, substantiallf asdescribed.

ll. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a suitable supporthaving an aperture therein, of a series of blades, an actuator ring foroperating said blades to open and close said aperture, a spring-actu--ated arm, and a spring pavvl on said arm arranged to engage openings inthe side face of said ring to drive the same step-by-step vin onedirection, substantiallT as described.

l2. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a suitable supporthaving an aperture therein, of a series of blades, tuator ring foroperating said blades to open and close said aperture, a spring-actuatedarm, a spring-paw] on said arm arrangedI to engage openings in the sideface of said ring to drive the same step-by-step in one direction, andmeans for locking said pavvl in engagement with said ring in the openand closed positions of said driving arm, sub stantially as described.

13. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a suitable supporthaving an aperture therein, of a series of blades, an actuator ring foroperating said blades to open and close said aperture, a spring-actuatedarm, a spring-pawl on said arm arranged to engage openings in the sideface of said ring to drive the same step-by-step in one direction, meansfor releasably holding said arm in set position, a lug for locking saidpaWl in engagement With said ring in the open position of said arm, andmeans for lifting saidpawl over said lug as the arm is shifted to itsset position, substantially, as described.

l 14. 4In a photographic shutter, the combination with a. suitablesupport having an aperture therein, of a series of blades, a series ofshifter arms for said blades, a toothed actuator extendingabout saidaperture, said arms having lugs engaging the toothed edge of said ring,a spring actuated driving arm,

al spring pawl on said arm arranged to en gage openings in the side faceof said ring to drive the same step-'by-step in one direction, andmeans'for locking said pawl to said ring in the open and closedpositions of said arm, substantially as described.

15. In a photographic shutter, the combination of two supporting plateshaving apertures therein, a circular series ot studs having spacingsleeves therein connecting said plates and holding the same spaced apartin parallel relation, a toothed actuator ring arranged abt t andengaging said spacing sleeves, a s ring actuated, oscillating drive ringarranged within and engaging' said sleeves, a pawl on said drive ringfor shifting said toothed ring step-bystep in one direction, a series ofblades mounted on thc 'face of one of said plates, and a series otpivoted shifter arms for opening and closing said blades each .having apair of lugs on opposite sides of its pivoted arms engaging the teeth ofsaid actuator ring, substantially as described.

1G. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a suitable supporthaving an aperture therein, of an actuator ring arranged about saidaperture and provided on its edge with a series of teeth spaced apartand having dat outer ends, a series ot' pivoted blade Shifters eachhaving a pair of lugs on opposite sides of its pivot engaging thetoothed edge of said ring, and means for driving said ring,snbstantiall)Y as de` scribed.

17. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a springactuateddriving member, of a verge having two pallets or lugs cooperating withsaid member to hold the same in its set and open positions, an exposingtri-p arranged to engage" and oscillate said verge, and a timing deviceindependent of said trip for adjusting said verge to vary its operation,snbstantiall)7 as dcscribed.

18. In a pho )graphic shutter, the combination with a sL ring-actuateddriving niember, of a pivoted verge having two pallets or lugscoperating with said driving member to hold the same in its set and openpositions, a timing device for adjusting the pivot of said verge to varyits operation, and an exposing trip for oscillating the same,substantially as described.

- 19. In a. photographic shutter, the combination with a spring-actuateddriving member, of a pivoted spring-held verge having two pallets orlugs, one for holding said- "set position and the v* driving member inother for holding the saine in its open position, an exposing triparranged to engage and oscillate said verge to throw the lugs thereof inopposite directions, and a timing device independent of said trip forffii -varying the position and operation of said nation With aspring-actuated driving member, of a pivoted spring-held verge havingtWo pallets or lugs, one lfor holding said driving member in setposition and the other for holding the same in its open position, saidverge having a beveled tooth with shoulders on opposite sides thereof,an exposing trip having a spring finger arranged to engage saidshouldersto oscillate said verge in opposite directions, and a timing device' forshifting the pivot of said verge to vary its operation, substantially asdescribed. v

21. In a photographie shutter, the combination with a spring-actuateddriving me1nber, of a spring-held verge-having tivo pallets or lugs, onefor holding said driving memberv in set position and the otherforholding the same in open position, a pivoted support Whereon saidverge is eccentrically pivoted, a timing device for shifting saidsupport, and an exposingtrip for oscillating said verge, substantiallyas described.V

22. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a spring-actuateddriving melmber, of a spring-held verge having two'pallets or lugs, onefor holdingsaid driving member in set position andthe other for holdingthe same in open position', a pivoted supporting arm ivhereon saidvergeis eccentrically pivoted, the pivot of said arm being substantiallyin line With the Working face of said first pallet or lug, a. timingdevice for shifting said arm, andan ex'- d posing trip arranged vtooscillate said verge in opposite directions, substan'tiallyas described.

23. In a photographicshutter, the combination With a spring-actuateddriving member, of a spring-held verge having two pallets or lugs, onefor holding said driving member in set position and the other forholding the same in open position, a pivoted support where'on said vergeis eccentrically pivoted, an exposing trip for oslcillating said verge,and a timing device arranged to shift said support and to place thespring of said verge under tension in bulb position, substantially asdescribed.

24. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a spring actuateddriving member, of a pivoted support, a verge eccentrically pivoted onsaid arm and having tWo pallets or lugs on opposite sides of its pivot,

one arranged adjacent the pivot of said.

support for holding said member in set position and the other arrangedto hold said member in its open position, a timing device for shiftingsaid 'support to vary the position and operation of the second pallet orlug, and an exposing trip for oscillating said verge in oppositedirections, substantially as described.

25. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a suitable supporthaving an aperture therein, of blades for opening and closing saidaperture, a springactuated driving lever for said blades having a tooth,a spring-held verge having a pair of pallets coperating with said'toothto hold said lever in its set and open positions, a' pivoted supportwhereon said verge is eccentrically pivoted., al timing caml forshifting said support,.and an exposing trip having a spring-l'inger forshifting the salne in opposite directions, substantially as described.

26. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a suitable supporthaving an aperture therein, of blades for opening and closing saidaperture, a spring-actuated driving lever for said blades having atooth,

la spring-held verge having a pair of pallets coperating With said toothto hold said.

lever in its set and open positions, a pivoted arm whereon sald verge iseccentrically pivoted with the Working face of the irst palletsubstantially in line With the pivot of said arm, a timing cam forshifting said arm, and an exposing trip for oscillating said verge,substantially asdescribed. 27. In a photographic shutter, thecombination with a support having an aperture therein, and blades foropening and closing said aperture, of a' spring-actuated driving 'leverfor saidblades having a tooth, a verge having a pair of palletscoperating with said tooth to hold said leverin its set and openpositions, apivoted arm Whereon said verge 1s eccentrically pivoted, aspring connected to. said verge, a pivoted lever conneeted to saldspring, a timing device having cams for shifting said arm and saidlever, and an exposing trip for oscillating said verge, substantially asdescribed.

28. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a spring-actuated,driving member, of a retarding device therefor, said driving member andretarding device having contacting lugs, one of which is arranged toyield and pass by the other on the setting movement of said drivingmember, an adjusting lever for shifting said retarding device andholding the same in adjusted position and a timing cam for shifting saidlever, substantially as described.

29. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a spring-actuateddriving member, of a retarding device comprising a. dashpot, a pivotedarm connected thereto, a pivoted adjusting lever engaging said arm, anda timing cam for shifting said adjusting lever, substantially asdescribed.

30. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a spring actuateddriving member, of a retarding device comprising a dash-pot, a pivotedarm connected thereto, a setting lever pivoted on one side of thepivotof said arm and engaging the saine on the opposite side thereofsaidarm and said driving member having contacting parts arranged to yield onthe setting movement of said member, substantially as described.

3l. In a photographic shutter, the combination With a spring-actuateddriving member, of a retarding dash-pot therefor, means for variablysetting said dash-pot, a'pivoted arm connected to said dash-pot, aspring coiled about the pivot'ofsaid: arm and acting to restore saidvdash-pot to normal position, and an adjustable friction Washer onl thepivot of said arm to which oneA end of said spring is connected.

32. ln a photographic shutter, the combination with a spring-actuateddriving meinber, of a retarding device therefor comprising a dash-pot,an 4arm connected to said dash-pot, means acting on said arm forvariably adjusting said dash-pot, a springv acting on said arm and meansfor adjusting the tension of said spring, substantially as described.

33. ln a photographic shutter, the combination With a' support having anaperture therein, of a circular series of blades having pointed inner4end portions, the edges of which are arranged to overlap in closedposition, a number of pairs of parallel arms pivoted -to said supportand to said blades for shifting the saine from and to the center of saidaperture, and for maintaining the edges of the pointed inner ends ofadjacent blades in parallel relation as the latter are shifted, andcommon' actuating means for oscillating said arms. 34. in a4photographic shutter, the combi-- nation with a series of blades, of anactuator ring therefor, a spring-actuated, reciprocating .drivingmember, a paWl on said driving member arranged to engage said ring todrive the same step-by-step in one direction, releasable stop devicesfor arresttlie operating movement of said arm and ring with the bladesin open position, a lug for locking said pawl in engagement withl saidring into open position of the parts,

and means for lifting said 'pawl over said lug. on thedle or backwardmovement of said driving member. 0

35. ln a photographic shutter, the combination With a spring-actuated,driving member, or an oscillating verge coperating With said member tohold the same in set and open positions, said verge having shouldersonopposite sides of its pivot, an exposing trip arranged to engage saidshoulders and oscillate said verge in opposite directions, f anda timingdevice for adjusting the position of said verge to vary its operation.

.said driving member to hold the same in set and open positions, saidverge having aA beveled tooth with shoulders on opposite sides thereof,andan exposing trip having a spring finger arranged to engage saidshoulders am?. oscillate said verge in opposite directions.

38. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a spring-actuated,driving member, of a catch for arresting the movement''fsaid drivingmember in open position, an exposing trip for releasing said catch, apivoted support vvhereon said `catch is eccentrically pivoted, and atiming camfor shifting to its time, positions.

39. ln a photographic shutter,the combination With a springactuated,driving member, of a spring-held verge coperating with said drivingmember to hold the same in set and open positions, an exposing triparranged to engage and' oscillate said verge in opposite directions, anda support Whereon said verge is pivoted, said support being said supportand' said catch bulb and instantaneous `adjustable to vary the positionand operation of said verge for time, bulb andinstantaneous exposures.

40. ln aphotographic shutter, the .combination With a spring-actuated,driving member, ot a spring-held verge cooperating with said drivingmember to hold 4the same in set and openpositions, a pivoted supportWhereon said verge is eccentrically pivoted, a timing cam for adjustingsaid support and thereby varying the operation or said verge, and anexposing trip arranged to oscillate said verge in opposite directions.

4l. ln a photographic shutter, the combination with a spring-actuated,driving member, or a spring-held catch coperating With said member toarrest the movement thereof in open position, an adjustable supportvWhereon said catch is pivoted, an exposing trip for releasing saidcatch, and a timing device having means igor shifting said support andfor placing the spring of said catch under tension in bulb position.

42. ln a photographic shutter, the combination with a support having anaperture iio therein,` and blades for opening and closing I saidaperture, of a spring-actuated, driving member for shifting said blades,a springheld, oscillating Verge coperating with said member to ho'ld thesame in set and open positions, a pivoted support Whereon" said verge iseccentricall'j7V pivoted, a timing cam for adjusting the position ofsaidv support and varying the operation of said verge, and an exposingtrip arranged toengage said verge and positively shift the same inopposite directions.

43. in a photographic shutter, the combination with the shutter blades,and a spring-actuated, driving member thereor.,

of an oscillating verge coperating with said driving member to hold thesame in set and open positions, 'an exposing trip arranged to engagesaid 4verge and oscillate the same in opposite directlons, and anadjustable support Whereon said verge lis pivoted, a retarding devicefor said driving member, and a timing cam for adjusting the position ofsaid support and for varying the operation of said retarding device.

JOSHUA fr. Fien Witnesses: H. W, HARMON,

Amann'r E. MAY.

